Relieving ear pain and discomfort.
Ear infections, medically known as otitis media, are a common ailment affecting millions each year, particularly children. These infections can cause significant discomfort, pain, and, if left untreated, lead to more serious complications such as hearing loss or the spread of infection. At St. Luke's University Health Network, our dedicated team of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialists are committed to providing compassionate care for patients of all ages experiencing ear infections. When you choose St. Luke's for your ear infection treatment, you are choosing a network deeply rooted in the Lehigh Valley.
Understanding ear infections
An ear infection is an inflammation or infection of the air-filled space behind the eardrum. When fluid accumulates here, it can create an ideal environment for bacteria and viruses to thrive, leading to an infection. Chronic ear disease usually refers to two conditions:
- Chronic Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): Occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked and fluids build up. The infection may spread to your inner ear, where it can cause hearing loss and, in severe cases, it can affect your facial nerves or brain.
- Cholesteatoma: An overgrowth of skin or a cyst that develops behind your eardrum. As the cholesteatoma slowly enlarges, it may damage small bones in your ear and may also grow to affect facial nerves or your brain.
Symptoms of ear infections
Symptoms of an ear infection can vary depending on age and the severity of the infection. In children who are more susceptible to ear infections, recognizing these signs is crucial as they may not be able to articulate their discomfort directly.
In children and adults, the most common symptoms include:
- Ear pain or pressure with headache
- Tugging or pulling at the ear
- Difficulty sleeping
- Increased crying or fussiness (especially in younger children)
- Difficulty hearing or responding to sounds
- Facial muscle weakness
- Loss of balance
- Fever (ranging from mild to high “100.5°F to 104°F”)
- Fluid drainage from the ear
- Loss of appetite due to swallowing challenges
- Feeling of fullness in the ear
- Dizziness or loss of balance
Causes of ear infections
Ear infections are primarily caused by bacteria or viruses that infect the middle ear. These infections often develop as a complication of other illnesses, such as the common cold, flu, or allergies. Risk is increased especially for children between 6 months and 2 years of age. Bottle-feeding while lying down can allow fluids to enter the Eustachian tubes, whereas breastfeeding may provide protective antibodies.
Additional risk factors include exposure to poor air quality or secondhand smoke, structural differences such as cleft palate, a family history of ear infections, and chronic conditions like immune deficiencies, cystic fibrosis, or asthma, all of which can impair normal ear function or immune response.
Treatment and surgical options at St. Luke's
When an ear infection doesn’t heal, it can turn into a chronic ear problem that affects your hearing, causes complications like cysts, and often requires surgery. Treatment for ear infections at St. Luke's is tailored to each patient's specific needs, considering factors such as age, severity of the infection, and whether it is a first-time or recurrent issue. Our goal is to alleviate symptoms, clear the infection, and prevent future occurrences. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can effectively reduce pain and fever. If the ear infection is bacterial, severe, or does not improve after a period of observation, antibiotics may be prescribed. For recurrent ear infections, persistent fluid buildup, or significant hearing loss, surgical interventions may be recommended.
Frequently asked questions about ear infections
While ear infections themselves are not contagious, the viruses and bacteria that cause them, such as those responsible for colds and the flu, are highly contagious. Practicing good hygiene, like handwashing, can help prevent the spread of these underlying infections.
Generally, children can return to school or daycare once their fever has subsided and they are feeling well enough to participate in activities. If your child has been prescribed antibiotics, ensure they are taking them as directed.
Air travel or visiting high altitudes is generally safe with an ear infection, though you might experience temporary ear pain during ascent and descent due to pressure changes. Swallowing, chewing gum, or having infants suck on a pacifier during these times can help equalize pressure and alleviate discomfort. If you have a ruptured eardrum, consult your doctor before flying.
Swimming is usually acceptable as long as your child does not have a perforated eardrum or active drainage from the ear. If ear tubes are present, your doctor may provide specific guidance regarding swimming and ear protection.
Several strategies can help including ensuring up-to-date vaccinations, avoiding secondhand smoke, promoting good hygiene to prevent colds, and proper bottle-feeding techniques. For children with frequent infections, your ENT specialist at St. Luke's may discuss options like ear tubes or adenoidectomy.
